PARTICIPANTS
Robert Kaplan, James Hoard, Irfan Taj, Michael Boskin, Elizabeth Cobbs, Tom Gilligan, John Gunn, Rick Hanushek, Dan Kessler, Mark Koyama, Roman Kraeussl, Lee Lockwood, David Mulford, Michael Nordeen, Rebecca Ore, Elena Pastorino, Josh Rauh, Michael Schoonover, George Shultz, Richard Sousa

ISSUES DISCUSSED
Robert Kaplan, President and CEO of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, discussed “Current Economic Conditions and the Impacts of Monetary Policy.” 

At the lunch, Robert Kaplan discussed some of the secular determinants of long-term trends in economic growth. He pointed to four main factors: 1.) the slowing of the growth of the workforce due to an aging population; 2.) technology enabled disruption and its effects on the labor force; 3.) globalization and pressures it has exerted on labor and capital markets; 4.) rising debt to GDP ratios.

An initial topic of discussion was why evidence of wage pressure has been scant despite the apparent skills gap faced by companies across the economy, and particularly by small firms that do not have the scale to run their own training programs. Hoover Fellows then asked questions about the scale of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet and operations, the potential impacts of an unwinding of the Fed’s balance sheet on labor and capital markets, and the impact of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and three-dimensional printing on these markets. The tension between focusing on short-term cyclical factors and long-term structural factors was discussed.

- Josh Rauh

Upcoming Events

Monday, December 1, 2025
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George P. Shultz Memorial Lecture Series: Shultz And Economic Policy
The Hoover Institution invites you to virtually attend the George P. Shultz Memorial Lecture Series: Shultz and Economic Policy on Monday, December…
Wednesday, December 3, 2025
Education
Reclaiming Liberal Education In America
The Center for Revitalizing American Institutions (RAI) hosts Reclaiming Liberal Education in America with Peter Berkowitz and Brandice Canes-Wrone… Hoover Institution, Stanford University
Wednesday, December 10, 2025
Comparative Civics: Beyond Western Civ
The Alliance for Civics in the Academy hosts "Comparative Civics: Beyond Western Civ" with Dongxian Jiang, Shadi Bartsch, Simon Sihang Luo, and Peter… Hoover Institution, Stanford University
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